Blood Typing

Blood typing, also known as blood grouping, is the process of classifying blood based on the detection of antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). This is crucial for ensuring the safe transfusion or transplantation of blood, blood components, or organs and tissues. Blood typing involves using regulated reagents or devices in tests with blood samples to determine the correct blood type. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes thirty-nine major blood typing systems, with the ABO and Rh systems being the most common. The process relies on antigen-antibody reactions that cause hemagglutination or RBC clumping, allowing for identification of the blood group.