Cannabinoid Profiling and Potency Testing of Cannabis and Cannabis Products

The past decade has seen the global legalization of both recreational and medical cannabis use, marking significant changes in legislation, especially in the US. Cannabis, derived from varieties such as Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis, contains over 100 cannabinoids, many of which are yet to be fully characterized. ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound responsible for the 'high', while cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid known for its therapeutic potential. Following the legalization of hemp in the US in 2018, regulations were introduced to control THC content in hemp-derived CBD products. While regulatory frameworks vary across countries and states, potency testing and cannabinoid profiling are essential components for ensuring the safety, transparency, and quality of cannabis and hemp products. Accurate analysis of major and minor cannabinoids in plant materials, extracts, and finished products is critical for maintaining uniformity and supporting consumer confidence in cannabis-based therapeutics and recreational products.