CD163 Monoclonal Antibody (TNKUPJ), eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

• This TNKUPJ MAb recognizes mouse CD163
• CD163 is a 130 kDa surface receptor expressed by certain subsets of tissue macrophages, including splenic red pulp macrophages, Kupffer cells, intestinal lamina propria macrophages and a small fraction of peritoneal macrophages
• In contrast to human blood monocytes, mouse monocytes do not express CD163
• Also, unlike human CD163, mouse CD163 is not as readily induced by M2 polarizing cytokines, and it is not a good marker of M2 macrophages
• No common cell lines of monocytic or macrophage origin express mouse CD163
• In humans, CD163 has been shown to be proteolytically cleaved and shed from the cell surface, and it acts as a soluble anti-inflammatory factor
• This TNKUPJ antibody will detect CD163 on fixed and permeabilized cells allowing for staining of the intracellular pool of this receptor
• Although CD163 is relatively stable to collagenase digestion, aggressive tissue dissociation protocols might potentially decrease the amount of surface CD163
• In these cases intracellular detection is recommended
• CD163 (M130 antigen, Ber-Mac3, Ki-M8, SM4) is a 130 kDa membrane glycoprotein, a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, and a receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex
• CD163 protects tissues from free hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage, and may play a role in the uptake and recycling of iron, via endocytosis of hemoglobin/haptoglobin and subsequent breakdown of heme
• CD163 is expressed exclusively on the cell surface of human monocytes and macrophages that evolve predominantly in the late phase of inflammation
• Specifically, CD163 is present on all circulating monocytes and most tissue macrophages except those found in the mantle zone and germinal centers of lymphoid follicles, interdigitating reticulum cells and Langerhan's cells
• CD163 is present on all CD14 positive monocytes, most CD64 positive monocytes, and shows higher expression on CD16 positive monocytes
• CD163 is upregulated on mononuclear phagocytes by IL-10, IL-6 and dexamethasone
• Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) both induce shedding of CD163 from the cell surface into plasma or cell supernatant
• CD163 binds hemoglobin/haptoglobin complexes in a calcium-dependent and pH-dependent manner, and exhibits a higher affinity for complexes of hemoglobin and multimeric haptoglobin of HP1F phenotype than for complexes of hemoglobin and dimeric haptoglobin of HP1S phenotype
• Further, CD163 also induces a cascade of intracellular signals that involves tyrosine kinase-dependent calcium mobilization, inositol triphosphate production and secretion of IL6 and CSF1.