IL-1 beta Rabbit anti-Canine, Human, Non-human primate, Biotin, Polyclonal, Rockland™

Description

• Store vial at 4°C prior to restoration
• For extended storage aliquot contents and freeze at -20°C or below
• Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing
• Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature
• This product is stable for several weeks at 4°C as an undiluted liquid
• Dilute only prior to immediate use.  This antibody was heated to 56°C for 30 minutes
• This is an IgG preparation of whole rabbit serum purified by DEAE fractionation
• This antibody is primarily directed against mature, 17,000 MW human IL-1 beta and is useful in determining its presence in various assays
• In general, this antibody also detects primate IL-1 beta in the same formats using similar dilutions
• The antiserum does not recognize human IL-1 alpha
• In ELISA formats and other immunoreactive assays, this antibody will recognize 10% of the non-denatured (native) precursor 31,000 MW IL-1 beta containing samples but will primarily detect all of the 17,000 MW mature molecule
• However, in immunoblot analysis of natural cell products or human body fluids, the usual procedure of hearing the sample in SDS with or without reducing agents will facilitate denaturing of the 31,000 MW IL- 1 beta precursor molecule
• Denatured 31,000 precursor IL-1 beta will be recognized by this antibody but often migrates as a 35,000 MW band
• This is due to the unfolding of the denatured precursor IL-1 beta exposing epitopes not exposed in the natural state
• In immunoblots, depending on the number of cells, the antibody detects the 17,000 MW band in supernatants as well as a 35,000 MW band representing the 31,000 MW IL-1 beta precursor in lysates
• Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
• IL-1 beta is synthesized in response to inflammatory stimuli as a 31 kDa inactive pro-form that accumulates in the cytosol
• Cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta into the active 17 kDa protein requires the activation of inflammasomes, which are multi-protein complexes that respond to pathogens, stress conditions, and other danger signals
• Inflammasome activation triggers the processing of the caspase-1 precursor into its active form, which in turn cleaves pro-IL-1 beta
• IL-1 beta lacks a signal sequence peptide for classical ER/Golgi pathway and is secreted alongside caspase-1 via an alternate and incompletely understood mechanism
• Although IL-1 beta is most often secreted in its active form, secretion of the uncleaved protein may be detectable under some biological conditions
• IL-1 beta signals through two receptors, IL-1RI and IL-1RII, both of which are shared with IL-1 alpha
• IL-1 beta activity can be moderated by IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a protein produced by many cell types that blocks receptor binding through competitive inhibition
• IL-1 beta play an important role in innate host defense by triggering the production of other proinflammatory cytokines in target cells and initiating acute-phase responses to infection and injury
• Elevated levels of IL-1 beta have been associated with many chronic inflammatory conditions IL-1 beta neutralizing antibodies potential therapeutic value.