Phospho-Rad9 (Ser1129)Rabbit anti-Yeast, Polyclonal, Rockland™

Description

• Store vial at -20°C prior to opening
• Aliquot contents and freeze at -20°C or below for extended storage
• Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing
• Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature
• This product is stable for several weeks at 4°C as an undiluted liquid
• Dilute only prior to immediate use
• This affinity purified antibody is directed against the phosphorylated form of yeast Rad9 at the pS1129 residue
• This phosphor polyclonal antibody reacts with the phosphorylated Rad9 pS1129 and minimally with non-phosphorylated yeast Rad9 at S1129
• No reactivity is expected against human and mouse homologs
• Reactivity to Rad9 from others sources is unknown
• Rad9 is required for the MEC1/TEL1-dependent activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA damage checkpoint pathways mediated by Rad53 and Chk1
• DNA damage induces Rad9 phosphorylation, and Rad53 specifically associates with phosphorylated Rad9
• Cells have evolved multiple strategies for tolerating genomic damage
• The most important of these are numerous repair systems that remove or bypass potentially mutagenic DNA lesions
• Another cellular strategy is to delay cell-cycle transitions at multiple points
• The genetic control of these delays, termed 'checkpoints', was first established in budding yeast where it was shown that the RAD9 gene functions in G 2 /M arrest after irradiation with X-rays
• Subsequently, it has become clear that Rad9 also functions at the G 1 /S, intra-S and mid-anaphase checkpoints
• Defects in checkpoint regulation can lead to genome instability and, in higher eukaryotes, neoplastic transformation
• Rad9 also controls the transcriptional induction of a DNA damage regulon (DDR)
• Rad9 may also have a pro-apoptotic function
• This is suggested in that Rad9 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (SpRad9) contains a group of amino acids with similarity to the Bcl-2 homology 3 death domain, which is required for SpRad9 interaction with human Bcl-2 and apoptosis induction in human cells
• Overexpression of Bcl-2 in S
• pombe inhibits cell growth independently of rad9, but enhances resistance of rad9-null cells to methyl methanesulfonate, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation
• Rad9 conveys the checkpoint signal by activating Rad53p and Chk1p; is hyperphosphorylated by Mec1p and Tel1p; and is a potential Cdc28p substrate
• Mature yeast Rad9 is reported to have an apparent molecular weight of ∼148kDa
• The human homolog is reported at 48.5 kDa.