SMAD2 Polyclonal Antibody, Rockland™

Description

• Store vial at -20°C prior to opening
• Aliquot contents and freeze at -20°C or below for extended storage
• Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing
• Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature
• This product is stable for several weeks at 4°C as an undiluted liquid
• Dilute only prior to immediate use
• Directed against human Smad2 protein
• A BLAST analysis was used to suggest cross-reactivity with Smad2 protein from human, mouse and rat based on 100% homology with the immunizing sequence
• Reactivity against homologues from other sources is not known
• Also, the antibody is Smad2 specific, and reactivity to other Smad proteins (specifically Smad1, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7) is not detected in over-expressed cell lysates (Personal Communication, Kathleen Flanders, CCR-NCI, Bethesda, MD)
• SMAD2 (MADH2, MAD2) regulates multiple cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation
• SMAD2 interacts with the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation into the nucleus is a central event in TGF beta signaling
• Phosphorylation of threonine 8 in the calmodulin-binding region of the MH1 domain by extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) enhances SMAD2 transcriptional activity, which is negatively regulated by calmodulin
• In response to the TGF-beta signal, SMAD2 is phosphorylated by the TGF-beta receptors
• The phosphorylation induces the dissociation of this protein with SARA and the association with the family member SMAD4
• The association with SMAD4 is important for the translocation of this protein into the nucleus, where it binds to target promoters and forms a transcription repressor complex with other cofactors
• SMAD2 can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin
• Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the SMAD2 protein have been observed.