CD284 (TLR4) Monoclonal Antibody (HT52), Functional Grade, eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

• Description: The HT52 monoclonal antibody reacts with human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4
• Thus far, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified in humans
• This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor
• Two family members, TLR2 and TLR4, are pattern recognition receptors and signaling molecules in response to bacterial lipoproteins; they have been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation
• TLR4 physically associates with another molecule called MD-2
• Together with CD14, this complex is responsible for LPS recognition and signaling
• TLR4 is expressed by peripheral blood monocytes
• Most TLR cell surface expression, especially TLR1 and TLR4, occurs at low levels on monocytes and at even lower levels on other cell types, including granulocytes and immature dendritic cells (iDCs)
• Furthermore, a relatively high degree of variability in TLR surface expression has been reported among normal donors
• The HT52 antibody has been reported to exhibit neutralizing activity
• Applications Reported: This HT52 antibody has been reported for use in functional assays and flow cytometric analysis
• Applications Tested: This HT52 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of TLR-4-transfected cells
• This can be used at less than or equal to 0.25 μg per test
• TLR4 is member of the Toll like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity
• TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities
• This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes
• Mammalian cells respond to LPS by activating TLR4
• TLR4 belongs to the multi-protein complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, containing CD14, LY96 and TLR4, and is involved in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria
• TLR4 aids in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity
• The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression
• Mutations in the TLR4 gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness
• Also, several transcript variants of the TLR4 gene have been found, but the protein coding potential of most of them is uncertain
• TLR4 is expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and a small population of B-cells and is also expressed in human placenta
• Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide
• Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.