PGRP-S Polyclonal Antibody, Invitrogen™

Description

• The primary immune recognition is based on structures common among invading pathogens
• Bacterial surface molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN), are known to elicit immune reactions ranging from cytokine release to fever
• Recently, a family of proteins called peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) has been identified in mouse and human that binds to peptidoglycans expressed on Gram-positive bacteria
• Peptidoglycan (PGN) is an essential cell wall component of virtually all bacteria (1,2) and, thus, it is an excellent target for recognition by the eukaryotic innate immune system
• The PGRPs (PGRP-L, PGRP-S, PGRP-Ia, and PGRP-Ib) define a new family of human pattern recognition molecules (3)
• PGRP-L is primarily expressed in the liver
• Although liver is not considered a primary immune organ, liver participates in host defenses by producing acute phase proteins (by hepatocytes) in response to infections and by clearing microorganisms from blood (4)
• PGRP-S is present in neutrophils and inhibits growth of Gram-positive bacteria and, therefore, may function as a neutrophil antibacterial protein (5)
• However, PGRP-S may have another, as yet unidentified function because in humans it is expressed in the bone marrow 50-100 times higher than in neutrophils.