Phospho-Cyclin D1 (Ser90) Polyclonal Antibody, Invitrogen™

Description

• Antibody detects endogenous levels of Cyclin D1 only when phosphorylated at Ser90
• Cyclin D1 (PRAD-1, bcl-1) is one of the key cell cycle regulators, and functions in association with cdk4 and/or cdk6 by phosphorylating the Rb protein
• Cyclin D1 is a putative proto-oncogene overexpressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms including mantle cell lymphomas (MCL)
• In addition, cyclin D1 positively regulates protein phosphorylation, mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation, and fat cell differentiation
• In humans, the CCND1 gene encoding cyclin D1 is present on chromosome 11
• Cyclin D1 is a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein that is synthesized during G1 phase and assembles with either cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) or CDK6 in response to growth factor stimulation
• D-type cyclin-CDK complexes act to inactivate the growth-suppressive function of the Rb protein through its phosphorylation, and titrate CDK inhibitors such as p21Cip1 and p27Kip1
• Without growth factor-mediated stimulation, Cyclin D1 is unstable, and undergoes ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which is triggered by its phosphorylation
• Cyclin D1 destabilization participates in G1/S phase arrest
• The Cyclin D1 protein belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle
• Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases
• Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event
• Cyclin D1 forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition
• The Cyclin D1 protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb
• Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis
• Cyclin D1 has been successfully employed and is a promising tool for further studies in both cell cycle biology and cancer associated abnormalities.