PYCARD Polyclonal Antibody, Invitrogen™

Description

• Positive test controls include: THP-1, U-937, Mouse spleen, Mouse thymus, Rat spleen, Rat thymus
• Immunogen sequence: MGRARDAILD ALENLSGDEL KKFKMKLLTV QLREGYGRIP RGALLQMDAI DLTDKLVSYY LESYGLELTM TVLRDMGLQE LAEQLQTTKE ESG Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation
• Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner
• Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3
• Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1
• In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines
• The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the pyrin and CARD domains and their homotypic interactions
• Required for recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasomes containing certain pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP2, NLRP3, AIM2 and probably IFI16
• In the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes seems not be required but facilitates the processing of procaspase-1
• In cooperation with NOD2 involved in an inflammasome activated by bacterial muramyl dipeptide leading to caspase-1 activation
• May be involved in DDX58-triggered proinflammatory responses and inflammasome activation
• Isoform 2 may have a regulating effect on the function as inflammasome adapter
• Isoform 3 seems to inhibit inflammasome-mediated maturation of interleukin-1 beta
• In collaboration with AIM2 which detects cytosolic double-stranded DNA may also be involved in a caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8
• In adaptive immunity may be involved in maturation of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell immunity and in cytoskeletal rearrangements coupled to chemotaxis and antigen uptake may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2; the latter function is proposed to involve the nuclear form
• Also involved in transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines independent of the inflammasome; this function may involve AP-1, NF-kappa-B, MAPK and caspase-8 signaling pathways
• For regulation of NF-kappa-B activating and inhibiting functions have been reported
• Modulates NF-kappa-B induction at the level of the IKK complex by inhibiting kinase activity of CHUK and IKBK
• Proposed to compete with RIPK2 for association with CASP1 thereby down-regulating CASP1-mediated RIPK2-dependent NF-kappa-B activation and activating interleukin-1 beta processing.