Anti-dsDNA Antibody, clone AE-2 ZooMAb® Mouse Monoclonal

Description

• General description: We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
• Specificity: Clone AE-2 is a ZooMAb® mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody that detects double stranded DNA. May show some cross-reactivity with single-stranded DNA.
• Immunogen: Nuclei from Raji Burkitt′s lymphoma Cells.
• Application: Quality Control TestingEvaluated by Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) in Human tonsil tissue sections.Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected dsDNA in Human tonsil tissue sections.Tested ApplicationsImmunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected dsDNA in human prostate cancer tissue sections.Dot Blot Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected dsDNA extracted from HeLa cells.Immunofluorescence Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected dsDNA in human prostate cancer tissue sections.Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
• Target description: Due to their location in the nucleus and mitochondria, dsDNA is not easily accessible to the immune system. They are quickly degraded by DNases in the cytoplasm and endosomes. However, they can be released from apoptotic cells after exposure to ultraviolet light, infection, and following some drug treatments. The released DNA can then be recognized by anti-DNA antibodies. and compose immune complexes. Extracellular nucleic acids containing immune complexes can be captured by immature dendritic cells (iDCs) via FcγRs. These cells are activated and migrate from peripheral tissues to lymphatic organs, where iDCs undergo maturation.  Anti-dsDNA antibodies are considered to be highly specific markers of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune (lupoid) hepatitis. Their higher levels are observed in about 50 to70% of patients with active, untreated SLE. These antibodies can recognize diverse DNA structures, including single-stranded, Z-DNA, bent or elongated dsDNA, and DNA:RNA hybrids. Anti-dsDNA antibodies may have different subclasses, including IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM. However, not all of them contribute equally to tissue injuries associated with SLE. IgG and IgA correlate more with disease activity in humans. IgM antibodies seem to be protective by enhancing the elimination of apoptotic material and via immunomodulatory effects. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Wang, X., and Xia, Y. (2019). Front. Immunol. 10; 1667; Haugbro, K., et al. (2004). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 63(4); 386-394).
• Physical form: Purified recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
• Reconstitution: 300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
• Storage and Stability: Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
• Other Notes: Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
• Legal Information: ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
• Disclaimer: Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.