CD289 (TLR9) Monoclonal Antibody (M9.D6), eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

• M9.D6 is generated against a peptide derived from the extracellular portion of mouse TLR9
• Predominantly expressed as an intracellular protein, TLR9 is a ∽115-120 kDa molecule which mediates response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA
• CpG DNA induces a strong T-helper-1-like inflammatory response and the proliferation of TLR9+ B cells
• When stimulated with CpG DNA, TLR9-deficient (TLR9-/-) mice lacked splenocyte proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages, and dendritic cell maturation, as compared with normal mice
• To date, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified
• This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor
• Members of the TLR family are involved in recognition and response to different microbial components including lipoproteins, peptidoglycans, and nucleic acids and play important roles in innate immunity and inflammation
• TLR9 is not detected by flow cytometry using this antibody on RBC-lysed mouse splenocytes stained for intracellular TLR9
• This may be due to limitations of antigen detection by flow cytometry
• Further studies are needed to determine the relationship between mRNA expression and protein detection
• The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity
• TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities
• They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity
• The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression
• This gene is preferentially expressed in immune cell rich tissues, such as spleen, lymph node, bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes
• Studies in mice and human indicate that this receptor mediates cellular response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA to mount an innate immune response.