CD282 (TLR2) Monoclonal Antibody (TL2.1), Functional Grade, eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

• Description: The TL2.1 monoclonal antibody reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)
• To date, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified in human
• This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor
• Two of these receptors, TLR2 and TLR4, are pattern recognition receptors and signaling molecules in response to bacterial lipoproteins and have been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation
• TLR2 is expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and is responsible for distinguishing different pathogens
• TL2.1, a blocking antibody, has been used to study the role of TLR-2 as a pattern recognition receptor in microbial lipoprotein/lipopeptide induced cytokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
• TL2.1 has been reported to immunoprecipitate human TLR2 (∽90 kDa) from PBMC and HMEC
• Applications Reported: TL2.1 has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis and blocking of TLR2-mediated cytokine production
• Inhibition of cytokine production has been reported in the literature using Listeria monocytogenes and peptidoglycans
• Optimal conditions for the inhibition assays using TL2.1 and specific stimulatory reagents/suppliers have to be evaluated by individual investigators
• TLR2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which play a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity
• TLR proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-kappa-B
• TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer, can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively
• TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities
• The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression
• TLR2 is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB
• TLR2 aids in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity
• Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described
• TLR2 is expressed in human cells such as tonsils, microglia, lymph nodes, and appendices, activated B-cells in germinal centers
• CD14+ monocytes express the highest level of TLR2 followed by CD15+ granulocytes, CD19+ B-cells, and CD3+ T-cells
• The expression of TLR2 on different cell types are regulated by different immune response modifiers
• For example, LPS, GM-CSF, IL-1, and IL-10 up regulates TLR2 whereas IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF down regulate TLR2 expression in monocytes.