ADAR Polyclonal Antibody, Invitrogen™

Description

• Immunogen sequence: SDNQPEGMIS ESLDNLESMM PNKVRKIGEL VRYLNTNPVG GLLEYARSHG FAAEFKLVDQ SGPPHEPKFV YQAKVGGRWF PAVCAHSKKQ GKQEAADAAL RVLIGENEKA ERMGFTEVTP VTGASLRRTM LLLSRSPEA Highest antigen sequence identity to the following orthologs: Mouse - 86%, Rat - 85%
• Adenosine Deaminase RNA Specific (ADAR) catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing.This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions
• ADAR can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing)
• Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2) and serotonin (HTR2C) and GABA receptor (GABRA3)
• Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alters their functional activities
• Exhibits low-level editing at the GRIA2 Q/R site, but edits efficiently at the R/G site and HOTSPOT1
• Its viral RNA substrates include: hepatitis C virus (HCV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), measles virus (MV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
• Exhibits either a proviral (HDV, MV, VSV and HIV-1) or an antiviral effect (HCV) and this can be editing-dependent (HDV and HCV), editing-independent (VSV and MV) or both (HIV-1)
• Impairs HCV replication via RNA editing at multiple sites
• Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function
• Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence
• Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles
• However, high levels of ADAR1 inhibit HDV replication
• (Uniprot)