Description

• General description: Guanosine 5′-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate (GMP-PNP, Gpp(NH)p) is a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP that binds and irreversibly activates G proteins. Gpp(NH)p is used in a variety of applications that involve GTP binding, including GTP-activation, GTP-inhibition, GTP transport, GTP hydrolysis, and GTP structure stabilization. Since a cycle of GTP binding, hydrolysis, and release is required for the initiation of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, guanosine 5′-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate is often used in studies of protein synthesis. Gpp(NH)p is used to activate ADP-ribosylation factors and to modulate G proteins involved in cell signaling, protein synthesis and other metabolic processes.
• Application: Guanosine 5′-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate trisodium salt hydrate has been used: to study K-RAS interactions with the membrane,[1] for the crystallization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis FtsZ,[2] as a translation initiation inhibitor for the analysis of the 48S pre-initiation complex.[3]
• Biochem/physiol Actions: Guanosine 5′-[ß,γ-imido]triphosphate binds and irreversibly activates G proteins.[4] Since a cycle of GTP binding, hydrolysis, and release is required for the initiation of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, this non-hydrolyzable GTP analog is often used in studies of protein synthesis.[5][6]