AHR Monoclonal Antibody (FF3399), eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

• The FF3399 MAb recognizes human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)
• The AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the toxic effects of a diverse group of environmental contaminants, most notably aryl hydrocarbons such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
• The AHR has also been shown to bind to a number of naturally occurring compounds found in fruits and vegetables as well as compounds generated through normal cellular metabolism
• AHR is localized in the cytoplasm in a complex that includes HSP90, p23, and XAP2/AIP/ARA9
• Upon ligand-binding, AHR translocates to the nucleus and binds with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), and this complex binds to the consensus DNA sequence, GCGTG, found in the promoter/enhancer regions of many genes such as CYP1A1
• The AHR is expressed in many cell types, with highest expression levels found in liver
• The AHR has been shown to play a role in the regulation/differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells
• AHR (Ah Receptor) belongs to a family of proteins comprised of its dimerization partner ARNT (HIF-1 Beta) and the Drosophila proteins PER and SIM
• AHR contains an N-terminal sequence of approximately 200 amino acids termed the PAS domain
• AHR, found in a variety of tissues, binds to a specific DNA enhancer sequence and initiates transcription of the mRNA for the cytochrome P-450 (CYPIA1) gene
• The gene for AHR encodes a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of biological responses to planar aromatic hydrocarbons
• AHR has been shown to regulate xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450, and its ligands included a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons
• AHR is a ligand-activated helix/loop/helix transcription factor found in a variety of vertebrate species
• The known ligands for AHR are foreign planar aromatic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic compounds and halogenated aromatic compounds such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
• Unlike the steroid/thyroid hormone receptors, there is no known physiological ligand for AHR
• Studies indicate that in non-ligand activated cells, AHR is found complexed with HSP90 predominantly in the cytoplasm
• Upon binding to an agonist, the ligand-activated AhR is believed to transform to a nuclear, DNA binding form, and this transformation process appears to involve dissociation of HSP90 from AhR followed by formation of a heterodimer with AhR nuclear translocator protein (Arnt)
• Diseases associated with AHR include eosinophilic fasciitis and seborrheic dermatitis.