TLR2 Monoclonal Antibody (TL2.1), Invitrogen™

Description

• Suggested positive control: antigen standard for TLR2 (transient overexpression lysate), PBMCs, Ramos
• TLR2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which play a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity
• TLR proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-kappa-B
• TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer, can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively
• TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities
• The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression
• TLR2 is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB
• TLR2 aids in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity
• Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described
• TLR2 is expressed in human cells such as tonsils, microglia, lymph nodes, and appendices, activated B-cells in germinal centers
• CD14+ monocytes express the highest level of TLR2 followed by CD15+ granulocytes, CD19+ B-cells, and CD3+ T-cells
• The expression of TLR2 on different cell types are regulated by different immune response modifiers
• For example, LPS, GM-CSF, IL-1, and IL-10 up regulates TLR2 whereas IL-4, IFN-gamma, and TNF down regulate TLR2 expression in monocytes.