Anti-TGF-β1 Antibody, clone 4E3 ZooMAb® Rabbit Monoclonal

Description

• General description: We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed, and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
• Specificity: Clone 4E3 is a ZooMAb® recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically detects TGF-beta-1. It targets an epitope within 18 amino acids from the C-terminal region of the protein.
• Immunogen: KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 18 amino acids from the C-terminal region of human TGF- β1.
• Application: Quality Control TestingEvaluated by Western Blotting in TGF-β1 recombinant protein.Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:50,000 dilution from a representative lot detected TGF-β1 in recombinant fragment from human TGF-β1 protein .Tested ApplicationsImmunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected TGF-β1 in HEK-293 cells.Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected TGF-β1 in human bone marrow and human stomach tissue sections.Flow Cytometry Analysis (FC): 1 µg from a representative lot detected TGF-β1 in one million HEK-293 cells. Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
• Target description: Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (UniProt: P01137) is encoded by the TGFB1 (also known as TGFB) gene (Gene ID: 7040) in human. Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein is synthesized with a signal peptide (aa 1-29) and is cleaved in the Golgi apparatus by FURIN to form two chains; Latency-associated peptide (LAP) (aa 30-278) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) (aa 279-390), which remain non-covalently linked, rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive. These 2 chains, LAP and TGF-beta-1 constitutes the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. TGFB1 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of secreted proteins (primarily localized in the extracellular matrix once secreted) and is involved in a variety of signaling pathways that involve serine/threonine protein kinases. It is widely expressed but tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. It is produced by many cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells and is involved in cell and tissue differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, migration of monocytes, neutrophils and chemotaxis. TGF-β acts through binding to three transmembrane receptors in mammals, type I, type II and type III receptors. The important pathways regulated by TGF-β are the SMAD, BMP, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. TGFB1 is among the most potent fibrogenic cytokines inducing organ fibrosis by promoting the formation of myofibroblasts. TGFB1 is a key player in the development of fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and kidney fibrosis, where it stimulates the deposition of extracellular matrix components, leading to tissue scarring. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling has been implicated in many inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
• Physical form: Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
• Reconstitution: 300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
• Storage and Stability: Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
• Legal Information: ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
• Disclaimer: Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.